Load building and optimization

What is load building?

Load building is the process of consolidating products into logical shipments. Cartons, pallets, trailers and containers are configured to utilize space effectively, protect product integrity, improve unloading efficiency and reduce transportation costs.

How load building works

The warehouse management system (WMS) and transportation management system (TMS) manage different parts of the load planning process.

The WMS controls carton and pallet building, while the TMS optimizes trailer and container loads.

Both systems determine optimal loading configurations by analyzing shipment characteristics including:

  • Weights

  • Dimensions

  • Destinations

  • Handling requirements

The systems identify opportunities to group orders, calculate optimal departure timing and generate loading plans. Smaller shipments are consolidated into full truckloads, reducing transportation costs.

Load optimization considerations

Cube utilization

Effective cube utilization maximizes the three-dimensional space within trailers. It requires stacking cargo to fill empty gaps without exceeding weight limits or damaging products.

Weight distribution

Weight must be distributed properly to prevent safety issues and avoid fines. To ensure loads remain balanced and stable, heavier items are positioned over axles, keeping the center of gravity within safe parameters throughout the journey.

Destination sequencing

Destination sequencing organizes loads for efficient unloading at multiple stops. Items for later destinations are loaded first, while first-stop products are placed at the rear for easier access.